Alisha Banafar

Animal-based testing is important for understanding the performance, mechanism, and translational capacities of floating tablets and in-vitro testing for stomach retention, which is the focus of the current review.  With a limited window for absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract, drug delivery systems (FDDS) are designed to improve the residence time, bioavailability, and controlled release of medications.  The recipes that employed gas-producing agents like sodium bicarbonate and citric acid, as well as hydrophilic polymers like HPMC, carbopol, and sodium alginate, demonstrated exceptional floating properties with a lag time of less than 12 hours. In vitro research studies showed sustained release profiles along the zero-order or non-Fickian kinetics, whereas in vivo testing in albino rats and rabbits showed long gastric retention and better pharmacokinetic results. Gastric safety and biocompatibility was confirmed by histopathological assessments. Direct compression was determined to have the best formulation through comparative analysis based on stable and efficient formulations compared to wet granulation. All in all, animal tests will be a critical preclinical base to determine optimal proportions of polymers, buoyancy, and release characteristics which will make floating pills safe and effective when applied to the clinical setting.

rug delivery systems based on nanoparticles have been of great interest because of its capability to circumvent some of the key shortcomings of traditional drug therapies, such as low solubility, short half-life, and indifferent distribution. Both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs can be efficiently encapsulated and released through controlled release by their nanoscale, high surface area and tunable physicochemical properties. Animal-based studies have shown evidence of improved therapeutic performance in different disease models, including cancer, neurological disorders, chronic inflammation and wound infections. Polymeric nanoparticles, lipid-based nanoparticles, and metallic nanoparticles exhibit better biodistribution, have extended circulation and concentration at diseased locations due to passive targeting such as the Enhanced Permeation and Retention (EPR) effect and active targeting by ligand. Such systems help in decreased systemic toxicity and enhanced treatment outcomes. Nonetheless, there are still problems with long-term safety evaluation, organ build up, immunogenicity and mass production. The safety analyses that have been conducted in animal models emphasize this fact, namely that nanoparticle composition, size, biodegradability and surface properties should be optimized to reduce adverse effects. In general, nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have a bright future ahead of them because they would provide better, safer, and disease-targeted treatment procedures.