Nanotechnology

Cervical cancer is a leading global health burden, especially in the context of low- and middle-income countries where screening and vaccination coverage are still low. Although prevention strategies have improved; however, the case for effective treatment modalities remain. Cervical cancer has undergone significant changes in its management since the introduction of multiple therapeutic options over the years. Management of early-stage disease can entail surgical options including conization, hysterectomy, trachelectomy, and pelvic exenteration. Radiotherapy with external beam radiation or brachytherapy remains fundamental to treatment and is frequently administered alongside chemotherapy aimed at improving sensitivity. For locally advanced and metastatic disease, chemotherapy (especially platinum-based regimens) is still the mainstay of treatment, and newer targeted therapies appear effective. In the last few years, immunotherapy has appeared as a revolutionary strategy, among the immune checkpoint inhibitors, therapeutic vaccines, and adoptive cell therapies showed promising results. Moreover, novel targeted therapeutics and combination approaches are being investigated in clinical trials, ushering in an era of personalized medicine for the cervical cancer patient population. Although these advancements lead to improved outcomes for patients, issues related to treatment selection, quality of life, fertility preservation, and access to care continue to be of utmost importance. This review summarizes the status of lock-in treatments in cervical cancer, illustrating both current use and future directions for established and emerging lock-in therapies, with an eye on their real-world clinical implementation and future directions.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have wide applicability in management of inflammatory and pain related diseases but limited applicability is characterized by common use and gastrointestinal disturbance. Present study is the trying to come up with sustained release (SR) matrix tablets of NSAIDs using hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers and correlate the results of in-vitro drug release with the in-vivo pharmacokinetics response. The Ibuprofen drug was selected to be the model, and the direct compression of matrix tablet with HPMC K100M and ethyl cellulose was done. The drug was undergone in-vitro dissolution study using USP-II apparatus with phosphate buffer (pH7.2) and during in-vivo pharmacokinetics testing using healthy volunteers approach crossover study. They came up with a favourable Level An in-vitro/ in-vivo correlation (IVIVC) (R 2= 0.987), showing that the in-vitro kinetics of drug released is a fair representation of the average put on plasma. Sustained release matrix has succeeded in prolonging the duration of drug release to 12 hours and reduced Cmax which contributed to reduction of adverse effects related to a peak. These findings encourage studies into establishing the means of developing SR NSAID formulation to assist in GI toxicity and compliance in patients.

Fast-dissolving tablets (FDTs) are a new type of oral dose form that breaks down quickly in the mouth without water. They are great for kids, older adults, and people who have trouble swallowing. The goal of this study was to improve the formulation of FDTs using paracetamol as a model drug. It did this by using a 3² full factorial Design of Experiments (DoE) to look at how the concentrations of superdisintegrant and binder affected important quality factors like disintegration time, hardness, friability, and drug release. Direct compression was used to make nine formulations (F1–F9), which were then tested using standard pharmacopeial assays. Using ANOVA for statistical analysis, we found that higher quantities of superdisintegrant made the tablets break down faster and release the medicine better, while the amount of binder affected how hard the tablets were. Formulation F7 (6% superdisintegrant, 2% binder) had the best profile of all, with a disintegration time of 25 seconds and 98.3% drug release. The study shows that DoE is a good way to optimize the development of strong, patient-friendly FDTs that work well.

Synthetic as well as cell-based nanocarriers have come into great consideration for treating neurodegenerative diseases as well as other cerebral conditions. How well the brain-targeting delivery of drugs happens using Nano formulations is hugely determined by the physicochemical parameters such as size, shape, hydrophobicity, elasticity, and charge/chemistry/morphology at the surface of the drug nanocarrier, which determines their mode of interaction with living systems. One of the key determinants of their in vivo behavior is the protein corona formation, which governs nanoparticle recognition, circulation, and biodistribution. It is important to understand the biological matrices and cell culture compositions involved in protein corona formation in order to design efficient nanomedicines. In addition, characterization of nanocarriers in complex biological environments poses specific challenges, and advanced analytical methods need to be developed and used. This review discusses the types and properties of brain-targeted nanocarriers, there in vivo interactions, and the characterization methods employed for them. We also discuss the strengths and weaknesses of existing analytical tools, the difficulties in applying these methods in a Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) setting, and the promise of orthogonal complementary characterization methods. By overcoming these challenges, this review will offer the insights into how the translational value of nanomedicines in brain disorders can be improved.

Patients who are suffering from illnesses that influence the central nervous system (CNS) struggle with getting medicine because of the presence of two barriers: the blood-cerebrospinal fluid boundary and the intrinsic blood-cerebrum obastruction (BBB). Both of these barriers make it hard to safely give prescription. There are various neurological conditions that are routinely perceived, including Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, amyotrophic parallel sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease, to give some examples. In addition to these disorders, there are some that can affect the neurological system. Nanotechnology in drug conveyance systems is one therapy strategy that has the possibility to be powerful in the treatment of specific ailments. This is because nanotechnology has the capacity to control the distribution of drugs. To conquer the problems that have been presented and making progress in the conveyance of medications to the central nervous system, various approaches have been created to be successful. This research was completed determined to cast light on late advancements in the field of nanotherapeutics research and the possible consequences of these advancements in the treatment of illnesses that disable the central nervous system. The research was completed with the target of shedding light on these advancements. Another subject that is investigated is the challenges that are experienced while endeavoring to bring nanomedicine from the research facility to the bedside with the end goal of clinical application.