HPMC

The development of targeted medication delivery systems has created new ways to improve treatment outcomes, especially with the help of nanotechnology. The goal of this work was to create and describe pH-sensitive nanoparticles that would improve drug delivery by releasing the drug more in the intestines or other physiological settings and less in the stomach. We made nanoparticles in a lab by changing the ratio of polymer to drug using Eudragit® S100, PLGA, and chitosan. Characterization showed that larger polymer concentrations made the particles bigger (145–203 nm) and gave them more negative zeta potentials, which meant they were more stable. The efficiency of drug entrapment ranged from 61% to 84%, and it got better as the amount of polymer rose. SEM analysis indicated that the particles were spherical and evenly spread out. In vitro release assays showed that the drug's release depended on pH, with the least release at pH 1.2 and the most release between pH 6.8 and 7.4. ANOVA and Tukey HSD statistical tests showed that these results were strong. In general, the work shows that pH-sensitive nanoparticles could be good carriers for targeted oral medication administration.

Floating Drug Delivery Systems (FDDS) offer a promising approach for enhancing the gastric retention time of orally administered drugs, especially those with a narrow absorption window in the upper gastrointestinal tract. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate FDDS tablets using different concentrations of hydrophilic polymers and gas-generating agents to ensure prolonged gastric residence and sustained drug release. Four formulations were prepared by direct compression and assessed for physical properties, buoyancy behavior, swelling index, drug content uniformity, and in vitro drug release over 12 hours. Among them, Formulation F4 demonstrated optimal performance, exhibiting the shortest floating lag time (25 seconds), longest floatation (>12 hours), highest swelling index (162%), and maximum cumulative drug release (96.7%). One-way ANOVA confirmed statistically significant differences in drug release and swelling index among the formulations (p

Quantum chemistry is critical in the explanation of molecular structures, spectroscopy, and chemical reactivity through the application of quantum mechanical principles to chemical systems. This review talks about how quantum chemistry is used in different types of molecular spectroscopy, like UV-Vis, infrared (IR), Raman, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, where quantum calculations help predict changes in electrons, vibrations, and spin interactions. Also, the research considers quantum chemistry's role in chemical reactivity by charting possible energy surfaces (PES), locating transition states, and minimizing reaction paths with computational techniques such as Density Functional Theory (DFT), ab initio methodologies, and Quantum Molecular Dynamics (QMD). The marriage of quantum chemistry and experimental methodologies has greatly facilitated drug discovery research, catalysis research, and materials science research to the extent that innovations in energy storage and sustainable chemistry have emerged. Despite the achievements, challenges in the form of computational expense, accuracy limitations of electron correlation models, and improvement of hybrid functionals persist. Improving computational efficiency, integrating quantum chemistry with machine learning, and further development of its applications in quantum computing for more accurate predictive modelling are some directions that future research must pursue. This review emphasizes the revolutionary effect of quantum chemistry on contemporary scientific achievements and its future scope in spectroscopic studies and reactivity research.