Multi-Omics

Obesity, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes are examples of metabolic disorders that pose serious worldwide health risks. These conditions are typified by oxidative stress, persistent low-grade inflammation, and disturbed lipid and glucose metabolism. The study of complementary and alternative methods has been prompted by the fact that, despite their effectiveness, conventional pharmaceutical treatments are frequently constrained by side effects, high prices, and incomplete efficacy. With an emphasis on holistic and multi-targeted therapies using single herbs and polyherbal combinations, traditional Indian medical systems, especially Ayurveda, offer a centuries-old storehouse of botanical knowledge. Numerous preclinical investigations in animal models show that these plant-based treatments can improve overall metabolic homeostasis by regulating important molecular pathways like PPARs, AMPK, and GLUT4, suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines, enhancing antioxidant defenses, and modulating lipid and glucose metabolism. Synergistic effects are sometimes seen in polyherbal formulations, which provide better benefits across several physiological pathways than single-plant therapies. Although these results demonstrate the therapeutic value of Ayurvedic treatments and their conformity to contemporary scientific concepts, issues with standardization, mechanistic clarification, and comparative effectiveness with mainstream medications still exist. A promising framework for the creation of safe, efficient, and evidence-based phytotherapeutics to control the rising worldwide burden of metabolic illnesses is provided by combining traditional Indian medical knowledge with modern research.

Background: Liver, breast, kidney, and brain cancers remain major contributors to global cancer morbidity and mortality. Conventional therapies are limited by systemic toxicity, drug resistance, and tumor heterogeneity. Smart nanoplatforms offer targeted delivery, controlled release, and theranostic capabilities to address these challenges. Objective: This systematic review evaluates the development and clinical translation of smart nanoplatforms between 2019 and 2024, focusing on their design, omics integration, therapy response, and clinical outcomes in liver, breast, kidney, and brain cancers. Methods: Studies published between 2019 and 2024 were systematically analyzed, encompassing preclinical research, clinical trials, and multi-omics-guided nanoparticle strategies. Nanoplatforms were categorized into lipid-based, polymeric, inorganic, and hybrid/bioinspired systems. The review highlights therapy response, biomarker monitoring, and adaptive approaches informed by omics data. Results: Lipid-based and polymeric nanoparticles demonstrated enhanced tumor targeting and reduced systemic toxicity. Inorganic and hybrid/bioinspired platforms enabled imaging-guided therapy and immune evasion. Integration of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics with AI-driven analytics facilitated personalized therapy and adaptive treatment strategies. Clinical trials reported improved patient tolerability, quality of life, and preliminary survival benefits, though translational barriers—including tumor heterogeneity, blood–brain barrier penetration, manufacturing, and regulatory hurdles—remain significant. Conclusions: Smart nanoplatforms represent a transformative approach to precision oncology. The combination of targeted delivery, multi-omics guidance, and AI-driven therapy optimization has the potential to enhance treatment efficacy and patient-specific outcomes. Future research should focus on scalable manufacturing, regulatory standardization, and integration of innovative trial designs to accelerate clinical adoption.