Hepatoprotective

The current research is dedicated to the creation of a pediatric cough syrup formula with less synthetic preservatives based on the usage of natural antimicrobial agents. The use of synthetic preservatives in pediatric formulations e.g. sodium benzoate in excess amount leads to concerns about possible toxicity and hypersensitivity. To resolve this, a control syrup that had standard concentration of sodium benzoate (0.1) was used as a control group compared with an optimized formulation that had low concentration (0.03) of sodium benzoate with added honey, clove oil and citric acid. The recipes were tested in terms of physicochemical stability, antimicrobial activity and sensorial properties within 90 days. The challenge testing with the Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger showed successful inhibition of microbial growth by the natural-based preservative system similar to the synthetic preservative. Physicochemical characteristics, such as pH, viscosity, color, odor, and taste were at acceptable pharmacopeial values and this means that they were stable and palatable. Statistical analysis also established there was no significant difference (p less than 0.05) in formulations in microbial reduction and stability performance. The findings indicate that the partial replacement of synthetic preservatives with natural agents is likely to increase the safety of the formulations in question without affecting its quality or effectiveness.

Thermosensitive liposomes (TSLs) have emerged as a novel and adaptable platform in nanomedicine, enabling targeted and strategic drug delivery through their thermoresponsive release characteristics. Designed to remain stable at physiological temperatures and to undergo phase transitions at severe hyperthermia (41–43 °C), TSLs can release encapsulated therapeutic agents (e.g., doxorubicin, mitoxantrone, oxaliplatin) in controlled spatial and temporal concentrations to targeted tumors. Preclinical trials demonstrate that TSLs, particularly when combined with localized hyperthermia therapies such as focused ultrasound or radiofrequency heating, significantly enhance intratumoral drug delivery, improve therapeutic efficacy, and diminish systemic toxicity compared to standard chemotherapy. Strategic design changes, including adding lysolipids to lower phase transition temperatures and PEGylation to improve circulation and stem stability, can further improve pharmacokinetics and biocompatibility. A combination of real-time imaging measures gives us a greater chance to follow the liposomes' movement and release medications, which lets us tailor the therapy program to fit each patient. Even though these are good steps forward, there are still problems with standardizing formulations, keeping the temperature very stable throughout hyperthermia, and making preclinical research work for a lot of people in the clinic. Still, ongoing research that focuses on improving the formulation and combining it with other innovative treatments like immunotherapy, gene therapy, and non-invasive thermal procedures is essential to realize the full clinical potential of TSLs. In short, TSLs are a very promising idea for a safe and effective cancer treatment that can be targeted. They also make it possible to improve therapeutic results while keeping off-target side effects to a minimum

This experimental research explores the therapeutic value of a new dual-target central nervous system (CNS) drug that concurrently regulates GABAergic and glutamatergic systems to treat  co-occurring  cognitive  impairment  and  anxiety  symptoms.  Performed  on  thirty  adults  male  Wistar  rats,  the  study  utilized  proven  behavioural  paradigms  Elevated  Plus  Maze  (EPM)   for anxiety   and   Morris  Water   Maze   (MWM)   for   spatial   learning   along   with    post-mortem biochemical assays to examine acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and markers of  oxidative stress  like  malondialdehyde  (MDA)  and  superoxide  dismutase  (SOD).  Results   indicated significant, dose-dependent enhancements: high-dose treatment groups demonstrated increased open-arm  exploration  in  EPM  and  reduced  escape  latencies  with  more  time  spent   in  target quadrants  in  MWM,  indicating  anxiolytic  and  cognitive-enhancing  effects.   Biochemically,  a significant decrease in AChE and MDA levels and increased SOD activity validated  enhanced cholinergic transmission and antioxidant defense. One-way ANOVA validated these results with high statistical significance (p