Characterization

This research discusses the bio-efficacy, characterization, and synthesis of polymeric nanoparticles (CNPs) charged with the fungicide carbendazim in controlled-release pest management applications for agriculture. The traditional usage of the broad-spectrum fungicide carbendazim has faced many disadvantages, such as its high toxicity, rapid environmental degradation, and resistance. Problems associated with carbendazim are resolved by CNPs encapsulating it, as the regulated release profile enhances the stability of the fungicide and diminishes its negative impact on the environment. They possessed excellent physicochemical characteristics, such as a stable surface charge of (-25.6 ± 0.9 mV), a high encapsulation efficiency of (82 ± 2%), and an optimal particle size of (150 ± 10 nm), respectively, which were achieved by using a solvent evaporation approach to manufacture the nanoparticles. Carbendazepim release from CNPs presented a slow, steady release over 120 hours and a far lower burst release 77.8% less than the standard formulation. Comparison of the traditional carbendazim against CNPs showed an improvement of 28.6% in bio-efficacy. The wider inhibition zones and better reduction in mycelial growth indicate superior antifungal action. These results highlight the advantages of polymeric nanoparticles as a sustainable and environmentally friendly substitute.

Breast cancer is one of the major causes of death in women globally and the administration of conventional chemotherapy is usually hampered by systemic toxicity and non-specific distribution of drugs. Approaches based on nanotechnology, in particular, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), provide a promising platform to develop targeted drug delivery because they are nontoxic, easy to modify on the surface, and they can accumulate in tumors. The objective of this study was to synthesize AuNPs and determine its possible use as a doxorubicin delivery system in breast cancer treatment. Gold nanoparticles were prepared through the citrate reduction technique, characterized in terms of size, morphology and surface charge, and doxorubicin was conjugated to the nanoparticles. The drug-loading capacity and release profile were evaluated by in vitro studies and tumor regression and systemic toxicity were evaluated by in vivo in a breast cancer-induced rat model. These findings showed that the AuNP-doxorubicin formulation was able to attain good drug loading, sustained release, increased tumor targeting, and lower systemic side effects than the free drug administration. These results show that gold nanoparticles can be a useful nanocarriers system of targeted breast cancer therapy, with increased therapeutic effect and reduced side effects.