Preparation, Characterization, and Bio-Efficacy Evaluation of Controlled-Release Carbendazim-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles

This research discusses the bio-efficacy, characterization, and synthesis of polymeric nanoparticles (CNPs) charged with the fungicide carbendazim in controlled-release pest management applications for agriculture. The traditional usage of the broad-spectrum fungicide carbendazim has faced many disadvantages, such as its high toxicity, rapid environmental degradation, and resistance. Problems associated with carbendazim are resolved by CNPs encapsulating it, as the regulated release profile enhances the stability of the fungicide and diminishes its negative impact on the environment. They possessed excellent physicochemical characteristics, such as a stable surface charge of (-25.6 ± 0.9 mV), a high encapsulation efficiency of (82 ± 2%), and an optimal particle size of (150 ± 10 nm), respectively, which were achieved by using a solvent evaporation approach to manufacture the nanoparticles. Carbendazepim release from CNPs presented a slow, steady release over 120 hours and a far lower burst release 77.8% less than the standard formulation. Comparison of the traditional carbendazim against CNPs showed an improvement of 28.6% in bio-efficacy. The wider inhibition zones and better reduction in mycelial growth indicate superior antifungal action. These results highlight the advantages of polymeric nanoparticles as a sustainable and environmentally friendly substitute.