R.E. Ugandar Ugandar

Recent developments, including supersaturation SED Interprovincial Developmental Special Education Council (Su-SEDDS), solid SEDS (S-SEDDS), hybrid systems, 3D printing technologies, and computational modelling, have greatly improved their performance. Su-SEDDS enhance the rate of drug absorption by exerting supersaturation, and S-SEDDS improve stability and patient compliance. Hybrid systems and 3D Printing for targeted and Personalized Drug Delivery. Computational modelling is further used to optimise formulation design and to help predict in vivo behaviour. In the present review, all these innovations and their impact on today's drug delivery are fully discussed.

Hypertension is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and requires the development of better drug delivery methods to help maintain long-term drug control. Nifedipine is designed as a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker but is hampered by inadequate aqueous solubility, thorough first pass metabolism, and short biological half-life. Liposomal nanocarriers, especially elastic and deformable vesicles, have been discovered as potential systems to overcome the limitations. This systematic review and meta-analysis assess the efficacy of liposome formulations in improving the delivery of nifedipine, specifically entrapment efficiency, nifedipine permeation, release kinetics and therapeutic outcomes. Statistic and systematic search of "sur varieties and performance" Eligible studies were identified by systematic search of the literature in PubMed, Scopus and Web of science since 2015-2025. Quantitative synthesis was shown to provide much greater entrapment efficiency (+18.6%), peak permeation rates (standardized mean difference: 1.42) and drug release profiles over time than conventional formulations. Elastic liposomes always outperformed regular liposomes in terms of transdermal delivery and stability. The results confirm that liposomal nanocarriers are substantially able to improve the bioavailability and therapeutic performance of nifedipine, and also provide support for the potential of nifedipine as an antihypertensive drug in an advancement treatment.