Liposomes

With an emphasis on formulation stability, safety, and clinical compatibility, the current study sought to create and assess stable parenteral emulsions for critical care medicine. Three batches of emulsions were made using pharmaceutical-grade lipids, emulsifiers, and isotonic agents, and the results were compared to control formulations. During a 90-day storage period at 4 °C, 25 °C, and 40 °C, physicochemical parameters such as droplet size, zeta potential, pH, and osmolarity were measured. While statistical analyses (ANOVA and Levene's Test) confirmed reproducibility and consistency across batches, sterility and endotoxin testing guaranteed microbial safety. According to the results, emulsions kept at 4 °C exhibited the best stability, whereas emulsions kept at higher temperatures experienced mild or rapid destabilization. Endotoxin levels were within pharmacopeial limits, and all batches remained sterile. The feasibility of creating stable and safe parenteral emulsions that can be administered intravenously to critically ill patients is highlighted in the study, along with the significance of appropriate storage conditions in maintaining formulation integrity.

Design of patient acceptable and effective drug delivery systems is a major concern area in pharmaceutical research field especially when the aim is management of nasal and respiratory infections. This paper was an attempt to design and optimize a thermoresponsive in-situ nasal gel made with nanosized antiviral agent using Poloxamer 407, Poloxamer 188, and HPMC as variables of the formulation. To determine the impact of these variables on the gelation temperature, viscosity and drug release, a Box- Behnken design was used together with Response Surface Methodology (RSM). ANOVA showed the effect of three excipients to be significant (p

The need for alternative drug delivery methods that enhance patient compliance and therapeutic efficacy has been brought to light by the rising incidence of diabetes mellitus and the drawbacks of traditional oral therapy. In order to improve bioavailability by avoiding first-pass metabolism, this study concentrated on the formulation, development, and assessment of mucoadhesive buccal tablets of metformin hydrochloride. Using the direct compression method, five formulations (F1–F5) were created with different concentrations of the mucoadhesive polymers sodium alginate, HPMC, and carbopol 934. Physical characteristics, mucoadhesive strength, swelling index, surface pH, uniformity of drug content, and in-vitro drug release over an 8-hour period were all assessed for the tablets. With the best mechanical strength, the highest mucoadhesion (30.4 g), the most sustained drug release (93.7%), and controlled swelling (68%), formulation F5 outperformed the others. Significant variations between formulations were validated by statistical analysis employing ANOVA and Tukey HSD, confirming the influence of polymer concentration on drug release kinetics. According to the study's findings, mucoadhesive buccal tablets present a viable and patient-friendly substitute for the regulated administration of medications such as metformin hydrochloride, which are used to treat diabetes.

Cancer continues to pose a significant global health challenge, affecting nearly one in five individuals throughout their lifetime. While chemotherapeutic agents like doxorubicin play a crucial role in cancer treatment, their use is frequently accompanied by serious side effects, particularly nephrotoxicity. This review critically examines the renoprotective effects of flavonoids in counteracting doxorubicin-induced kidney damage, with a focus on evidence from preclinical animal models. Doxorubicin mediates its cytotoxic effects by intercalating into DNA and inducing the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which lead to oxidative stress, apoptosis, and subsequent renal injury. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases including Google Scholar, Scopus, pubmed, Springer, Wiley Online Library, and sciencedirect, targeting articles published between 2014 and 2024. Keywords used included “flavonoids,” “doxorubicin,” “nephrotoxicity,” “Renoprotective,” and “animal model.” Flavonoids, a broad class of plant-derived polyphenols, are well recognized for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. Certain flavonoids, similar to quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, morin, luteolin, apigenin, hesperidin, naringenin, diosmin, and anthocyanins, have shown significant effectiveness in reducing kidney damage caused by doxorubicin. This review highlights the promising role of flavonoids as potential adjuvants in reducing chemotherapy-associated renal side effects and enhancing the safety profile of anticancer regimens.

Increasing accuracy and efficiency together with diagnosis predictability makes artificial intelligence (AI) revolutionize healthcare sector operations. This paper explores how artificial intelligence (AI) detects early-stage diabetes mellitus as a metabolic chronic disease that shows increasing global prevalence. The objective of this research study evaluates how different artificial intelligence approaches including machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing (NLP) function in terms of methods, accuracy level as well as data collection protocols and their practical clinical benefits. Research indicates that ensemble machine learning models alongside convolutional neural networks (CNNs) demonstrate superior identification abilities for detecting diabetes problems early on. The data quality issues along with generalization problems and limitations for clinical practice require further investigation.