Kamini Prajapati Prajapati

The mpox virus (MPXV), which is an emergent orthopoxvirus with zoonotic transmission capability, represents a growing public health threat on a global scale due to the recently reported outbreaks in multiple countries after 2022. In view of the rising prevalence of genetically heterogeneous strains, such as Clade I and Clade II, there has been a growing research focus on the molecular aspects of pathogenesis, evolution, transmission, and epidemiology of MPXV clades. The current review focuses on the genome structure, mutations, viral fitness, immune evasiveness, and human-to-human transmission rate associated with MPXV clades. The comparative pathogenicity between the Clade I and Clade II variants is also discussed, with emphasis on the increased virulence and mortality related to Clade I and increased transmissibility of Clade II variants, including Clade IIb. Recent genomic studies have shown that hypermutations caused by the APOBEC3 enzymes, single-nucleotide polymorphism, and adaptive evolution contribute to viral persistence, immune escape, and epidemic spread. Furthermore, the review explains how epidemiologic surveillance efforts, molecular diagnostic tools, genomics techniques, and public health issues related to mpox epidemic response are managed. This information highlights the crucial role of genomics surveillance, timely diagnostics, vaccines, and the One Health approach in future prevention of mpox outbreaks.

Infectious leucorrhoea is one of the most prevalent diseases of gynecologic nature involving infection of the reproductive system by fungi, bacteria, and parasites. Recurrent vaginal infections may lead to microbial cross-infections between male sex partners, adversely affecting sexual relations and intimate connections in the couple. This paper attempted to examine the problem of cross-infection, the state of urogenital health of men involved in the research, and the effect of infectious leucorrhoea on sexual arousal in both parties. A cross-sectional observational clinical study was carried out among 80 couples undergoing gynecology and urology clinics visits due to complaints of infectious vaginal discharge. Clinical evaluation, microbial investigation, laboratory tests, and questionnaire were used in the process of information collection. The results have shown that C. albicans was the most common pathogen among women in the sample group. Dysuria, balanitis, and penile irritation were found among men involved in the research, suggesting possible cross-infection from women. Sexual desire loss and avoidance behavior were noticed as well. Analysis of statistics indicates that there were highly significant relationships between infections with leucorrhoea, urogenital problems among men, and compromised sexual wellbeing (p