Amita Singh

VEXAS syndrome (Vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, Autoinflammatory, Somatic syndrome) is a more recently described, acquired somatic mutation in the UBA1 gene, and is an autoinflammatory disorder of adults. Its clinical features include systemic inflammation, clonal hematopoiesis, abnormalities of the bone marrow and various hematological, rheumatological and dermatologic changes. This review discusses the molecular pathogenesis of VEXAS syndrome with emphasis on the UBA1 mutations, immune dysfunction and disease pathogenesis. In addition, it emphasizes the importance of artificial intelligence, next generation sequencing (NGS), integration of multi-omics and three-dimensional (3D) genomic fingerprinting in the improvement of diagnosis and molecular characterization. The current therapeutic options such as the use of corticosteroids, JAK inhibitors, azacitidine and biologic agents, as well as novel stem cell-based therapies are reviewed. Special focus is on the most promising potentially curative therapy, namely, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Although genomic medicine and precision diagnostics has come a long way, there are still issues to be addressed, particularly with respect to diagnosis at an early stage and longer-term management. The synergy of genomics, artificial intelligence (AI), and regenerative medicine could have a profound impact on the care of VEXAS syndrome patients in the future.

Lassa fever and septic fever are important infectious diseases which cause high morbidity, mortality and healthcare burden, especially in resource-limited areas. The clinical features of both diseases are so similar, and include fever, hypotension, respiratory failure, and multi-organ failure, that early diagnosis and treatment are challenging. The clinical features, epidemiological features, risk factors, early clinical predictors and biomarkers of disease severity and mortality are analyzed. Prognosis assessment and therapeutic monitoring is an important role of a number of biomarkers, such as lactate, procalcitonin, cystatin-C, and inflammatory cytokines. The review also notes that artificial intelligence, machine learning, 3D imaging technologies and epidemiological surveillance systems are increasingly playing a key role in the prediction, monitoring and clinical decision-making of diseases. The combination of biomarker-based diagnostics, AI-driven predictive modelling, and digital healthcare technologies could greatly enhance the management of infectious diseases and the preparedness of healthcare systems. The multidisciplinary research and international co-operation continue to be critical to decrease the global burden of severe infectious diseases.

The human aging process can be characterized by progressive cellular degeneration, mitochondria malfunctioning, inflammatory responses, epigenetics modifications, and loss of tissue regenerative ability. The recent progress made in the field of longevity has revealed several promising treatment opportunities for prolonging a healthy lifespan in humans through epigenetics regulation, senolytics application, NAD+ precursors' intake, telomerase activation, and regenerative treatments. This review considers evidence from human studies about the impact of DNA methylation, cell senescence elimination, mitochondria recovery, enhanced immunity, tissue renewal, and cognitive reserve increase in human aging biology. According to findings based on human research, interventions involving senolytic compounds, Nicotinamide Riboside (NR), Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN), and telomerase-linked regenerative treatment have the ability to contribute to improved metabolism, vascular functions, immunological resilience, and cognitive efficiency while reducing inflammatory processes and decreasing the number of senescent cells in a human body. In addition, comprehensive longevity approaches consisting of the mentioned interventions seem to possess combined benefits in terms of human longevity improvement. However, there are certain drawbacks that must be addressed when applying these interventions into clinical practice; namely, small sample sizes used in studies, lack of long-term safety testing, ethical issues, and inadequate biomarkers. Future directions in the research are discussed.

Immunotherapy for cancer treatment has proved to be a very useful technique that helps to boost the immune responses of the host against cancer cells. In this study, the effectiveness of atezolizumab is assessed in Programmed Death-Ligand 1(PD-L1) Positive advanced cancers of Indians. This study was performed using a retrospective analysis on the clinical data of 120 patients that received atezolizumab treatment between 2021 and 2025. Patients with advanced solid malignancies such as non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), hepaticellular carcinoma (HCC), and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) were included in this study. The RECIST 1.1 criteria and CTCAE Version 5.0 recommendations were used to assess the response to therapy, progression-free survival, overall survival, and adverse events linked to the immune system, respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, chi-square testing, and descriptive statistics were all part of the statistical package. The results demonstrated that patients exhibiting elevated levels of PD-L1 had a substantially better chance of surviving. In total, 76.6% of people were able to keep the sickness at bay, whereas only 48.3% responded. Treatment response is strongly correlated with PD-L1 over-expression (χ² = 9.64, p = 0.002). Adverse reactions experienced by subjects in this study were mostly mild-to-moderate. It was concluded in this study that atezolizumab is an effective and safe immunotherapy drug for treating PD-L1-positive malignancies in Indians.

Infectious leucorrhoea is one of the most prevalent diseases of gynecologic nature involving infection of the reproductive system by fungi, bacteria, and parasites. Recurrent vaginal infections may lead to microbial cross-infections between male sex partners, adversely affecting sexual relations and intimate connections in the couple. This paper attempted to examine the problem of cross-infection, the state of urogenital health of men involved in the research, and the effect of infectious leucorrhoea on sexual arousal in both parties. A cross-sectional observational clinical study was carried out among 80 couples undergoing gynecology and urology clinics visits due to complaints of infectious vaginal discharge. Clinical evaluation, microbial investigation, laboratory tests, and questionnaire were used in the process of information collection. The results have shown that C. albicans was the most common pathogen among women in the sample group. Dysuria, balanitis, and penile irritation were found among men involved in the research, suggesting possible cross-infection from women. Sexual desire loss and avoidance behavior were noticed as well. Analysis of statistics indicates that there were highly significant relationships between infections with leucorrhoea, urogenital problems among men, and compromised sexual wellbeing (p