Janhavi Indurkar

The current research was expected to standardize and analyze the pharmaceutical activity of a polyherbal syrup through the evaluation of physicochemical, phytochemical, and the pharmacological characteristics. The syrup was determined to be physicochemically stable with measure of dispatch in the pH, viscosity, total solids, refractive index and microbial load until phytochemical screening discovered the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and phenolics. Pharmacological studies in albino Wistar rat animals indicated high dose-dependence of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on the subjects using large doses of syrup which produced effects similar to those of the standard reference drugs. The results prove the consistency, safety and the therapeutic potential of the syrup, which will allow using it in the future as a credible herbal preparation and as the basis of its further clinical confirmation and increase or reduce the dosage.

This review analyses the application of medicinal chemistry in the modulation of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) targets in the treatment of neurological disorders based on the presentation of preclinical evidence provided solely by animals. Considering dopaminergic, serotonergic and glutamatergic systems, we combine outcomes of rodents, zebrafish and non-human primates in demonstrating how optimization of structure-activity relationships (SAR), allosteric/bitopic and biased-ligand development, scaffold hopping and ADMET tuning yield brain-penetrant ligands with enhanced affinity, subtype selectivity, signalling bias and pharmacokinetic. The product shows promise in restoring motor function and reducing oxidative stress in D2/D3 modulators of 6-OHDA Parkinsonian rat models, as well as anxiolytic and antidepressant-like actions of engineered 5-HT1A/5-HT2A ligands in mice and zebrafish. Additionally, it exhibits precognitive and neuroprotective actions of mGluR PAMs in APP/PS1 and scopolamine models. We emphasize methodological strategies (in vitro binding, behavioural assays, microdialysis, PK/autoradiography) that can be used to bridge molecular design to organismal response, explain the translational obstacles affecting translation that include species differences, crosstalk and long-term signalling responses, and suggest prospects including AI-guided design, multi-omics biomarkers and targeted CNS delivery protocols. The arguments put forward make medicinal chemistry one of the key, mechanism-oriented catalysts in the evolution of GPCR-targeted neurotherapeutics.