Ishita Basera

The present study evaluated the acute oral toxicity and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the methanolic leaf extract of Rumex hastatus (RHLM). In the acute toxicity study, mice received RHLM at 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg and were observed for 14 days. No mortality or notable adverse behavioural changes were reported up to 2000 mg/kg, and body-weight gain remained comparable with the control group. Hematological indices and biochemical markers of hepatic and renal function showed no notable treatment-related alterations. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in carrageenan- and formalin-induced rat hind-paw edema models. In the carrageenan model, RHLM at 200 and 400 mg/kg reduced paw edema over 5 h; at 5 h, percentage inhibition was 36.12±1.75% and 61.42±1.03%, respectively, compared with 61.58±1.34% for indomethacin (10 mg/kg). In the formalin model, RHLM reduced edema across the six-day observation period, with the 400 mg/kg dose showing the greatest effect. On day 6 at 3 h, inhibition was 57.55±3.45% with RHLM 400 mg/kg, compared with 55.21±3.05% for diclofenac (5 mg/kg). These findings indicate that RHLM was well tolerated in the reported acute toxicity study and demonstrated marked anti-inflammatory activity, particularly at 400 mg/kg.

Background: Simultaneous analysis of drug combinations requires prior understanding of the individual physicochemical and spectroscopic behavior of each analyte and systematic optimization of chromatographic selectivity. Indapamide (IND), a thiazide-like diuretic, and losartan potassium (LOS), an angiotensin II receptor blocker, differ markedly in aqueous solubility, lipophilicity and UV absorption behavior. Objective: The present work profiled IND and LOS by preliminary physicochemical tests, FTIR, UV–visible spectrophotometry and RP-HPLC to establish analytical conditions suitable for simultaneous determination. Methods: Melting point and solubility were evaluated, FTIR spectra were interpreted for characteristic functional groups, and methanolic UV spectra were scanned from 200–400 nm. Chromatographic screening was performed on a C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) using seven mobile-phase trials. Results: IND showed a melting point of 163–165°C and LOS 262–264°C. Characteristic FTIR bands supported identity of both analytes. UV maxima were approximately 236 nm for IND and 206 nm for LOS; an overlay supported 214 nm as the common HPLC detection wavelength. The optimized chromatographic system consisted of phosphate buffer pH 3.0:acetonitrile (40:60, v/v) at 1.0 mL/min. IND and LOS eluted at approximately 3.74 and 6.98 min, respectively, with a resolution of 11.22. Calibration responses were linear over 0.75–7.5 µg/mL for IND and 25–250 µg/mL for LOS, with R² values of 0.9997 and 0.9996. Conclusion: Complementary UV, FTIR and chromatographic profiling provided a rational basis for simultaneous analysis of IND and LOS and established a selective RP-HPLC condition for their quantitative determination.