The current research study explored the physiological and psychological shifts that take place in the bodies of transgender men and transgender women on undergoing hormone therapy. A quantitative comparative study design was employed involving 120 individuals – 60 transgender men on testosterone therapy and 60 transgender women on estrogen and anti-androgen therapy over a period of one year. The study involved data collection using methods such as anthropometry, hormonal profiling, laboratory testing, cardiovascular examination, and psychosocial measures. The results showed marked physiological transformations in the form of increased muscle mass and elevated hemoglobin content among transgender men, and increased body fat accumulation and breast growth and decreased muscle mass among transgender women. In addition, there were certain effects noted on the metabolism and cardiovascular system as a result of hormone therapy. The psychological effects included better emotional well-being, improved body image and self-esteem, and lower levels of anxiety and depression.