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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Integrated Medical Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">jprims</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">3049-1681</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Dr. Arpan Kumar Tripathi</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">jprims-00000057</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Nicotine Dependence Diagnosis Methods</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Madhukar</surname>
            <given-names>Vamini </given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Suresh</surname>
            <given-names>Preeti K</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Biswas</surname>
            <given-names>Deepak </given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur (CG)</aff>
      <aff id="aff2">KIPS, Shrishankaracharya Professional University, (C.G). India</aff>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026">
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>2</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <abstract>
        <p>
Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of premature death and diseases in the world. Nicotine is the causal agent for the addiction of people to tobacco. To reduce the mortality and morbidity caused by tobacco use the only way out is to make people free from this monstrous addiction. The goal of this work is compilation of different diagnostic methods available to help people in the diagnosis of their level of addiction to nicotine. Various diagnostic methods included are Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and Heaviness of Smoking (HSI), Features of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV, Features of the International Statistical Classification and Related Health, The Tobacco Dependence Screener (TDS), The Cigarette Dependence Scale (CDS), The Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS), Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM), The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence-Smokeless Tobacco (FTND-ST). These questionnaires are simple, easy to answer and assess. A number of smokers try to quit and fail in their attempt in lack of proper strategic planning. With the use of these questionnaires and by assessing their addiction level one can successfully plan for their quit attempt and benefit with it in a positive way.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
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