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         article-type="Research Paper"
         xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Integrated Medical Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">JPRIMS</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">3049-1681</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Dr. Arpan Kumar Tripathi</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.64063/3049-1681.vol3.issue10.000306</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">JPRIMS1030004</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Development and DoE-Based Optimization of Dragon Fruit and Kiwi Fruit Herbal Syrup: Formulation, Physicochemical Characterization and Stability Evaluation</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Shantilal Rathod</surname>
            <given-names>Ketan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Modi</surname>
            <given-names>Jignesh</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>R. Patel</surname>
            <given-names>Ravikumar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Shivubha Zala</surname>
            <given-names>Kalubha</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bhupendrakumar Patel</surname>
            <given-names>Zalak</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pravinbhai Patel</surname>
            <given-names>Rakeshkumar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Chandrakant Patel</surname>
            <given-names>Jahanviben</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>viral Patel</surname>
            <given-names>Anu</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">Shree Swaminarayan College of Pharmacy, Swaminarayan University, Kalol, Gujarat, 382725, India</aff>
      <aff id="aff2">Shree Swaminarayan Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Swaminarayan University, Kalol, Gujarat, 382725, India</aff>
      <aff id="aff3">1Shree Swaminarayan College of Pharmacy, Swaminarayan University, Kalol, Gujarat, 382725, India</aff>
      <aff id="aff4">K. N. School of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat – 380481, India.</aff>
      <aff id="aff5">A-One Pharmacy College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat – 382330, India.</aff>
      <aff id="aff6">SAL Institute of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat – 380060, India</aff>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-10-27">
        <month>10</month>
        <day>27</day>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>3</volume>
      <issue>10</issue>
      <fpage>52</fpage>
      <lpage>64</lpage>
      <abstract>
        <p>Background: Herbal syrups provide a convenient oral dosage form for incorporation of plant-derived constituents, but suspended herbal extracts may present challenges related to viscosity, sedimentation and physical stability. Objective: The study aimed to develop and optimize a herbal syrup containing dragon fruit and kiwi fruit peel extracts using a Design of Experiments approach and to characterize the optimized formulation for physicochemical properties and accelerated stability. Methods: Ethanolic and aqueous peel extracts of dragon fruit and kiwi fruit were incorporated into a sucrose-based syrup containing sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC). A two-factor, five-level Central Composite Design consisting of 13 experimental runs was used. Na-CMC concentration (0.16-0.44%) and sucrose concentration (34.4-72.6%) were independent variables, while viscosity and sedimentation were dependent responses. Quadratic models were evaluated by analysis of variance and numerical optimization. Results: The viscosity model was significant (F=29.59, p=0.0001, R²=0.9548) and the sedimentation model was significant (F=14.64, p=0.0014, R²=0.9127). Numerical optimization identified 0.318971% Na-CMC and 66.6245% sucrose, with desirability 1.000. Predicted viscosity and sedimentation were 364.22 cP and 0.0976969%, respectively. Experimental validation gave 368.45 cP viscosity and 0.10% sedimentation. Conclusion: The CCD-based approach identified an optimized herbal syrup containing approximately 0.32% Na-CMC and 66.62% sucrose with acceptable viscosity and minimal sedimentation. The formulation was selected for accelerated stability assessment at 40±2°C/75±5% RH for six months.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
        <kwd>Dragon fruit</kwd>
        <kwd>Kiwi fruit</kwd>
        <kwd>Herbal syrup</kwd>
        <kwd>Central Composite Design</kwd>
        <kwd>Design of Experiments</kwd>
        <kwd>Na-CMC</kwd>
        <kwd>Sucrose</kwd>
        <kwd>Viscosity</kwd>
        <kwd>Sedimentation</kwd>
        <kwd>Stability</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
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